Causes of Landslides in Road Embankment with Retaining Wall and Pile Foundation: A Case Study of National Road Project in Porong-Sidoarjo, Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the cause of landslides in toll road embankment national project Porong-Sidoarjo area. The landslide observed only on north side embankment, with a maximum height 7.8 meters from subgrade despite reinforcement retaining wall and pile foundation. land shift subsidence Northside led decline elevation displacement depth 3.50 m. Back analysis through limit equilibrium method used strength existing against landslide. results showed that heavy rain indeed one causes location, while main soft soil, much deeper than those surrounding locations. is why severe recorded embankment. Moreover, anti-slide discovered not be sufficient due its shallower length compared area landslide, this associated absence overall stability design. findings it necessary conduct comparative between active passive forces analyses for soil produce safest design required avoid landslides.